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Purely Functional Data Structures

by Chris Okasaki (Author)
4.5 out of 5 stars 95 ratings
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Most books on data structures assume an imperative language such as C or C++. However, data structures for these languages do not always translate well to functional languages such as Standard ML, Haskell, or Scheme. This book describes data structures from the point of view of functional languages, with examples, and presents design techniques that allow programmers to develop their own functional data structures. The author includes both classical data structures, such as red-black trees and binomial queues, and a host of new data structures developed exclusively for functional languages. All source code is given in Standard ML and Haskell, and most of the programs are easily adaptable to other functional languages. This handy reference for professional programmers working with functional languages can also be used as a tutorial or for self-study.
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  1. ISBN-10
    0521663504
  2. ISBN-13
    978-0521663502
  3. Publisher
    Cambridge University Press
  4. Publication date
    June 13, 1999
  5. Language
    English
  6. Dimensions
    6 x 0.58 x 9 inches
  7. Print length
    232 pages
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Editorial Reviews

Review

"This book is important because it presents data structures from the point of view of functional languages...a handy reference for professional functional programmers...Most of the programs can easily be adapted to other functional languages. Even C and Java programmers should find implementing these data structures a relatively straightforward process...Programs are physically well structured and readable, and are displayed in boxes. Okasaki has produced a valuable book about functional programming, exploring a wide range of data structures...a significant contribution to the computer science literature." Computing Reviews

Book Description

This book describes data structures and data structure design techniques for functional languages.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press (June 13, 1999)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 232 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0521663504
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0521663502
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 12 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.58 x 9 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 out of 5 stars 95 ratings

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Chris Okasaki

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4.5 out of 5 stars
95 global ratings

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Customers say

Customers find the book useful and interesting for computational scientists. They describe it as a seminal work in the field, with good content and an easy-to-follow style. Readers mention it's worth reading and provides a great view of functional programming.

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ReadabilityFunctionality
12 customers mention "Readability"9 positive3 negative

Customers find the book's content easy to read and engaging. They appreciate the terse style that packs a lot of information into few words. The book provides detailed explanations and views of data structures that readers would never have considered.

"...Aside from improving you as a programmer, it's just intellectually stimulating to see this elegant ways of expressing the structures, especially if..." Read more

"...applicable to day-to-day work, but it definitely is a worth reading mind-opener; it's fascinating to see efficiency could still be preserved while..." Read more

"...This is a seminal work in the field, and its contents was invaluable and its style easy to read." Read more

"...It is a great challenge to read and gives a great view of data structures you would never have thought of." Read more

10 customers mention "Functionality"10 positive0 negative

Customers find the book useful and interesting for computational scientists. They say it's a seminal work on data structures in functional programming. The concepts can be applied to any functional programming language, and the code is powerful. Readers mention it's the best resource on implementing purely functional data-structures.

"...Aside from improving you as a programmer, it's just intellectually stimulating to see this elegant ways of expressing the structures, especially if..." Read more

"...This book remains the best resource available on implementing performant purely functional versions of well-known data structures -- the kind of..." Read more

"...to see efficiency could still be preserved while being purely functional!" Read more

"...This is a seminal work in the field, and its contents was invaluable and its style easy to read." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

  • Tuananh Vo
    5.0 out of 5 stars Every software developer should read this
    Reviewed in the United States on February 15, 2016
    Verified Purchase
    Even if you don't plan to do functional programming, it will make you a better programmer to think about recursive / immutable data structures outlined in this book. Aside from improving you as a programmer, it's just intellectually stimulating to see this elegant ways of expressing the structures, especially if you first learned imperative / stateful data structures. This is not an introductory book, however.
    9 people found this helpful
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  • CCM
    5.0 out of 5 stars A timeless classic; will never be irrelevant
    Reviewed in the United States on August 16, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    Okasaki's book on purely functional data structures is a timeless classic.

    Every programmer -- functional or otherwise -- should have a copy at arm's length.

    This book remains the best resource available on implementing performant purely functional versions of well-known data structures -- the kind of data structures that everyday programmers need to get their jobs done.

    It would be one thing to only aim for coverage of the space, but Okasaki goes much further by demanding that every algorithm he presents be as elegant as possible.

    That insistence on elegance really pays off for the reader: the algorithms are easy to understand and easy to implement in the language of your choice.

    To the delight of the reader, in many cases, the functional versions of these data structures end up much easier to implement and understand than their more well-known imperative versions.
    16 people found this helpful
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  • Samuel Jackson
    4.0 out of 5 stars Good but Standard ML is hard to read
    Reviewed in the United States on June 24, 2019
    Verified Purchase
    This book is really good. It discusses its data structures on a level that I'm quite happy with with plenty of detail and discussion about each one.

    The only problem I had with the book is the use of standard ML. I know it's a thing of personal preference, but I found standard ML to be much harder to read than Scala or Haskell as is usually used in other books. There IS a Haskell section in the back which I found myself flipping forward to many and it got repetitive. It also hurts the readability since the code in the back is full data structure implementation, not the specific examples highlighted in the chapter.
    One person found this helpful
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  • Chenguang Wang
    5.0 out of 5 stars Probably my favorite CS book of all time
    Reviewed in the United States on February 5, 2016
    Verified Purchase
    This is not the kind of book in which you could find techniques applicable to day-to-day work, but it definitely is a worth reading mind-opener; it's fascinating to see efficiency could still be preserved while being purely functional!
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Daniel Haskin
    5.0 out of 5 stars and its contents was invaluable and its style easy to read
    Reviewed in the United States on January 25, 2016
    Verified Purchase
    I used this book to write a data structure library in a functional language. This is a seminal work in the field, and its contents was invaluable and its style easy to read.
    3 people found this helpful
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  • Aidan J. Delaney
    5.0 out of 5 stars Wisdom for advanced programmers
    Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    In the pantheon of knowledge there are increasing levels of value; data, information, knowledge and wisdom. Okasaki's "Purely Functional Data Structures" firmly fits into the latter category. The book provides a relatively complete survey of all the academic literature on the topic and presents it in a way that is understandable to an advanced programmer.

    If you are an advanced programmer, i.e. you have significant experience with a procedural or OO language and some experience with a functional programming language, then this book may be for you. If you have experienced issues in synchronising access to data structures in multi-threaded environments or ensuring transactional access to complex data, then this book contains the wisdom you seek.
    15 people found this helpful
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  • Mark Saroufim
    5.0 out of 5 stars Great book for computational scientists
    Reviewed in the United States on June 15, 2020
    Verified Purchase
    Admittedly this is an odd recommendation especially for a section on computational math. That said, functional programming is a much more natural paradigm in scientific code vs systems code. After I read this book I finally understood how Spark works and have since been able to enjoy reading short and powerful Haskell code for science. An amazing example is Automatic Differentiation in Haskell
    2 people found this helpful
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  • Cliff L. Biffle
    4.0 out of 5 stars Haskell speakers may be daunted.
    Reviewed in the United States on June 3, 2010
    Verified Purchase
    Despite the editorial description of the book, the book is really about Standard ML. It happens to have an appendix where source code has been translated -- out of order, and without reference to the text -- into Haskell. This makes it very difficult to read through the book without speaking Standard ML.

    The exercises, also, are only SML. Several appear to use idiosyncratic SML features -- I say "appear" because no answers to the exercises, even the basic ones, are provided for me to check my understanding.

    Essentially, the content is good, but expect to learn Standard ML to really get the most out of this book.
    43 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

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  • Philipp Meier
    5.0 out of 5 stars Absolutes Must-Read
    Reviewed in Germany on December 15, 2014
    Verified Purchase
    Für alle, die in der funktionalen Programmierung zu Hause sind, oder werden wollen, eine Pflichtlektüre. Zugegeben, etwas Neigung zur Theorie ist nötig, aber Okasaki erklärt ausreichend ausführlich. Die Vorgestellten Datenstrukturen sind teils überraschend pfiffig und die Implementierung in ML gut nachvollziehbar.
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  • Pablo
    5.0 out of 5 stars An eye opener. A must for any functional programmer ...
    Reviewed in Canada on October 3, 2016
    Verified Purchase
    An eye opener. A must for any functional programmer. You just cannot continue using your typical book of algorithms for imperative "mutating" data structures.
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  • J. D. Harrop
    5.0 out of 5 stars Wonderful
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 24, 2009
    Verified Purchase
    This book is a superb introduction to the subject of purely functional data structures. Many different data structures and implementations of them are described and each is walked through in detail with a thorough description of the advantages and disadvantages. More importantly, this book contains pragmatic advice based upon existing implementations which is invaluable for real programmers.

    The only downsides are that some good advice is buried deep in the book and not presented in an overview or executive summary, and the book uses SML rather than OCaml or F#. However, Markus Mottl has translated the code into OCaml.
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  • Black
    3.0 out of 5 stars Un bon livre
    Reviewed in France on May 11, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    Tous les exemples sont en ML (même s'il y a la traduction de certains en Haskell), donc c'est assez compliqué au début.
    Les exemples sont bien traités et raffinés, optimisés, etc.
    Ce livre est donc à mi-chemin entre un livre de cuisine, qui fournit les codes "tout fait" (modulo le langage) et un livre de méthodes qui nous apprends à les réaliser.
    Dernier point noir, ce sont des algorithmes/problème assez exotiques qui sont traités.
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  • Alexey Filippov
    5.0 out of 5 stars A real treasure if you are ready to give it the time it deserves
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on November 15, 2015
    Verified Purchase
    A detailed, well-paced textbook on functional data structures. Do not make a mistake thinking that it's an introduction book — it's not. It is an extended version of Okasaki's PhD thesis and should be treated as such.

    Make sure to get through the exercises: these do hide plenty of insights not available otherwise. A key will not help here: some ideas are better delivered through first-hand experience, and there are no shortcuts.
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